govandpolУправление и политикаGovernance and Politics2782-70622782-7070MGIMO University10.24833/2782-7062-2024-3-3-74-92govandpol-78Research ArticleПОЛИТОЛОГИЯPOLITICAL SCIENCEНациональные проекты и этнические меньшинства на Ближнем Востоке: Турция, Сирия, ИракNational Projects and Ethnic Minorities in the Middle East: Turkey, Syria, IraqСейидлиСалех Агил ОглыSeyidliSaleh A.

Салех Агил Оглы Сейидли – независимый исследователь, аспирант кафедры сравнительной политологии.

119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76

Saleh A. Seyidli - PhD student, Department of Comparative Politics, MGIMO University.

76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454

saleh6064@gmail.comКудряшоваИ. В.KudryashovaI. V.

Кудряшова Ирина Владимировна – доцент кафедры сравнительной политологии.

119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76

Irina V. Kudryashova - Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, MGIMO University.

76, Prospect Vernadskogo, Moscow, 119454

i.kudryashova@inno.mgimo.ruМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation202424102024337492Copyright © Сейидли С.А., Кудряшова И.В., 20242024Сейидли С.А., Кудряшова И.В.Seyidli S.A., Kudryashova I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.gp-mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/78

Обращение к теме национальных проектов на постосманском пространстве обусловлено ростом и институционализацией политической активности этнических меньшинств в Ираке и Сирии, что было вызвано операцией США в Ираке (2003) и событиями Арабской весны. Есть ли для меньшинств, крупнейшим из которых являются курды, место в национальных проектах этих стран? На основе анализа турецкой и арабской версий национализма показано, что изначально они имеют черты как французской (гражданской), так и немецкой (этнической) моделей национализма и предполагают реализацию прав меньшинств только при условии принятия культуры большинства. Однако, если следовать конструктивистскому подходу, можно ожидать развития гражданского компонента. Такой сдвиг произошел в иракской версии национализма, когда демократическая конституция 2005 г. предоставила меньшинствам административно-территориальную (курды) или культурную (туркоманы, ассирийцы) автономию. Изменения в направлении признания культурных прав курдов зафиксированы и в Турции. В Сирии правящая элита по-прежнему придерживается идей арабского национализма, однако многие сирийские оппозиционные организации готовы признать мультиэтнический характер сирийской нации, т.е. сирийский национальный нарратив также усложняется.

National projects in the post-Ottoman space drew scholarly attention with the growth and institutionalization of political activity of ethnic minorities in Iraq and Syria, which was caused by the US operation in Iraq (2003) and the events of the Arab Spring. Is there a place for minorities, the largest of which are the Kurds, in the national projects of these countries? On the analysis of the Turkish and Arab versions of nationalism, it is shown that initially they have features of both the French (civil) and German (ethnic) models of nationalism and imply the implementation of minority rights subject to the acceptance of the majority culture.

However, according to the constructivist approach, a civic component is expected to develop. This shift occurred in the Iraqi version of nationalism when the democratic constitution of 2005 granted minorities administrative-territorial (Kurds) or cultural (Turkomans, Assyrians) autonomy. Changes towards the recognition of the cultural rights of the Kurds have also been recorded in Turkey. In Syria, the ruling elite still adheres to the ideas of Arab nationalism, however, many Syrian opposition organizations are ready to recognize the multi-ethnic character of the Syrian nation, thus the Syrian national narrative is also becoming more complex.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.