The industrial potential of the heavily industrialized post-Soviet states is developing mainly due to the capacities established before 1991 and focused on supporting the Soviet military-industrial complex. In this regard, it is necessary to trace the development of the Soviet military industry and to identify its nature which served as the basis for subsequent evolution in the present and fundamentally different political and economic conditions. After 1991, the military construction in the newly independent states started on the basis of the Soviet stocks of weapons and military equipment obtained from the territorial military districts of the former USSR. Although the stage of redistribution of the Soviet military-technical heritage coincided chronologically with several major military conflicts, it is important to note that in almost every case this legacy was excessive so it many times exceeded the needs and the resource base necessary for the maintenance and development of the available arsenals. The disproportion between the objective needs in the field of national defense and real economic opportunities and highly resource intensive military and mobilization infrastructure designed in the USSR for a global war, resulted in the rapid degradation of the armed forces in most post-Soviet states. At the second stage, already in the 21st century, amid their relative political and economic stabilization the post-Soviet states had to formulate military-strategic priorities more precisely. The chaotic development of Soviet arsenals was replaced by more systematic and economically justified policies for armed forces construction, pertaining to the foreign policy needs.

The article analyzes the main stages of the Belarusian statehood development in the XX and at the beginning of the XXI centuries on the example of the Byelorussian SSR and the Republic of Belarus. These cases are considered primarily from the point of view of foreign policy and the international conditions of their establishment and development. The foreign policy of the BSSR is studied in the context of the creation, development and the collapse of the Soviet state through the prism of the comparative historical research methodology. It is applied for characterization and comparison of the foreign policy experience of the two union republics – the Belorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR. The general and specific features of their foreign policy activity are highlighted. The foreign policy experience of the establishment and development of the Republic of Belarus is characterized. The article gains its theoretical significance in presenting theoretical methodological approaches, assessments, attitudes and research paradigms formulated by the paradigms formulated in the Belarusian academic school of the foreign policy history of Belarus.

The article is devoted to the development of the Republic of Moldova after gaining independence in 1991. Once a developing country with a sustainable economy, where citizens from all over the Soviet Union aspired to go, today it is the poorest country in Europe, with hundreds of its citizens leaving abroad every day, in recent years mainly to the countries of the European Union, in order to feed their families and provide a decent future for their children. It is noted that after the collapse of the USSR, the country faced a severe economic crisis, the consequences of which the country is still experiencing today. The article analyzes the problems the Republic of Moldova is facing today, including a difficult economic situation, a high level of corruption, an unstable political situation in the country, high energy and food prices, a low standard of living, and unemployment. Thus, Moldova turned out to be a state that became dependent on foreign aid. In 2019, the newly elected government set the course for European integration, complicating its relations with Russia. 2022 has become even more challenging for the country, which, in addition to all the economic and political problems, faced the consequences of the conflict in Ukraine, refugees and the problem of increased energy prices.

The article deals with the theoretical understanding of the role of the Armenian intelligentsia in the context of the problems of post-Soviet public administration. The author considers that the key mission of intelligentsia is the contribution to the development and implementation of the national ideology capable to become the necessary basis for state policy and public administration. In order to achieve this result the state authorities have to stop treating the intelligentsia as an object of control, and the post-Soviet intelligentsia should free itself from ideological clichés of a pseudo-democratic nature imposed from outside. The author’s analysis is based on the methodological approach of Immanuel Wallerstein who considered liberalism as an ideology fundamentally different from democracy. The ideas of Jürgen Habermas regarding the dimensions of the modern state also serve as a methodological guideline. Conclusions about the typological inconsistency of the post-Soviet Armenian state with the criteria of modern statehood are based on the author’s study of school practices of identity politics.

Economic growth in the modern world economy is characterized by the increasing importance of industrial factors of production, which is achieved through neo-industrialization in developed countries and through reindustrialization in developing countries. In the Kyrgyz Republic the problem of reindustrialization is acute due to the deindustrialization that took place during the years of independence. The article analyzes the starting opportunities of reindustrialization and outlines ways of its implementation in the conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic.